Version Control Systems
VCS↕ | Type↕ | Created By↕ | First Released↕ | Notable Users↕ | Known For↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Git | Distributed | Linus Torvalds | 2005 | Linux kernel, GitHub, GitLab, almost every open source project | De facto standard, built for Linux kernel after BitKeeper drama, branching and merging model |
Mercurial (hg) | Distributed | Matt Mackall | 2005 | Facebook/Meta (Sapling fork), Mozilla (historical), Python (historical) | Simpler CLI than Git, Python-based, Facebook still runs massive monorepos on it |
Subversion (SVN) | Centralized | CollabNet | 2000 | Apache Foundation (historical), many enterprise shops | Centralized successor to CVS, atomic commits, still common in corporate and game dev |
Perforce (Helix Core) | Centralized | Perforce Software | 1995 | Google (historical), Ubisoft, EA, most AAA game studios, NVIDIA | Handles huge binary assets, go-to for game studios, fast on massive monorepos |
Fossil | Distributed | D. Richard Hipp (SQLite author) | 2007 | SQLite, TCL, many small projects | Single binary with built-in wiki, issue tracker, forum, stores history in SQLite |
Bazaar (bzr) | Distributed | Canonical | 2005 | Ubuntu (historical), Launchpad | Canonical-backed, flexible workflows, largely superseded by Git, project now dormant |
CVS | Centralized | Dick Grune | 1986 | BSD projects (historical), FSF (historical) | Pioneered multi-developer VCS, no atomic commits, replaced by SVN and Git |
Darcs | Distributed (patch-based) | David Roundy | 2003 | GHC (historical), several Haskell projects | Patch theory instead of snapshots, Haskell-based, elegant but niche |
Pijul | Distributed (patch-based) | Pierre-Etienne Meunier | 2015 | Nest community | Modern patch-based VCS in Rust, sound theory of patches, Darcs spiritual successor |
BitKeeper | Distributed | Larry McVoy | 2000 | Linux kernel (until 2005) | First popular distributed VCS, Linux used it, license row birthed Git, open-sourced in 2016 |
Monotone | Distributed | Graydon Hoare | 2003 | Small open source projects | Cryptographic history, influenced Git and Mercurial design, author later created Rust |
Team Foundation Version Control (TFVC) | Centralized | Microsoft | 2005 | Microsoft enterprise customers | Centralized VCS built into TFS/Azure DevOps, heavyweight, Microsoft now steers everyone to Git |
ClearCase | Centralized | Rational / IBM | 1992 | Legacy enterprise shops, regulated industries | View-based virtual filesystem, famously slow, still lingering in telecom and defense |
Sapling | Distributed | Meta / Facebook | 2022 | Meta internal monorepo | Meta's Mercurial-derived VCS for giant monorepos, ships Git compatibility, scales to billions of files |
Jujutsu (jj) | Distributed | Martin von Zweigbergk (Google) | 2020 | Google experiments, Rust enthusiasts | Rust-based, Git-backed, rebase-friendly UX, rapidly gaining hobbyist mindshare in 2025 |
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This dataset contains 15 entries, each with multiple sortable, filterable columns. The full table is visible on this page and can be downloaded as a CSV, JSON, or Excel file.
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