Science

Types of Adhesive

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Updated:3/7/2026
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Adhesive Type
Invented
Chemical Base
Bond Strength
Known For
Super Glue (Cyanoacrylate)
1942 (accidental)Cyanoacrylate monomerVery high (instant)Bonds in seconds, discovered by accident trying to make gun sights, used in surgery to close wounds, glues fingers together
Epoxy Resin
1936Epoxide + hardenerExtremely highTwo-part mix, structural bonds stronger than the materials joined, used in aerospace, river tables, garage floor coatings
Hot Melt Glue
1940sThermoplastic polymerMediumGlue gun staple, crafters' best friend, bonds in seconds as it cools, used in packaging and bookbinding
PVA (White Glue / Wood Glue)
1912Polyvinyl acetateHigh (on porous materials)Elmer's glue, every school kid's first adhesive, excellent on wood and paper, dries clear, water-soluble when wet
Contact Cement
1920sPolychloroprene (neoprene)High (flexible)Apply to both surfaces, let dry, press together — instant permanent bond, laminate countertops, shoe repair
Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive (PSA)
1845 (first tape)Acrylate / rubberLow-medium (removable)Sticky without activation — tape, labels, Post-it Notes, Band-Aids, the adhesive that doesn't need to be permanent
Polyurethane Glue (Gorilla Glue)
1990s (consumer)PolyurethaneVery highExpands as it cures, bonds almost anything, waterproof, Gorilla Glue brand, foams out of joints if you use too much
Silicone Adhesive / Sealant
1940sSilicone polymerMedium (very flexible)Survives extreme heat and cold, bathroom caulk, aquarium sealant, flexible gap filler, won't crack or shrink
Spray Adhesive
1950sSynthetic rubber / solventLow-medium3M Super 77, even coating over large areas, mounting photos, crafts, repositionable versions exist
UV-Curable Adhesive
1960sAcrylate oligomersHighCures in seconds under UV light, dental bonding, glass repair, electronics assembly, cure-on-demand technology
Rubber Cement
1791 (raw) / 1920s commercialNatural / synthetic rubber in solventLow-medium (repositionable)Graphic designers' paste-up tool before computers, peels off cleanly, old-school layout technique
Structural Acrylic
1970sMethacrylateVery highBonds metals and plastics without surface prep, used in automotive and marine, fast cure, replaces welding in some cases
Casein Glue (Milk Glue)
Ancient (4000 BC)Milk protein (casein)MediumAncient Egyptians used it, WWI aircraft construction, beer bottle labels, one of humanity's oldest adhesives
Anaerobic Adhesive (Loctite)
1953Dimethacrylate esterHigh (metal-to-metal)Cures without air — perfect for threaded fasteners, Loctite Threadlocker, keeps bolts from vibrating loose
Mussel-Inspired Adhesive
2000s (research)DOPA protein / synthetic catecholHigh (underwater)Biomimetic — copies how mussels stick to wet rocks, works underwater, potential for surgical glue, nature's genius

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