Famous Particle Accelerators
Accelerator↕ | Location↕ | Type↕ | Max Energy↕ | Operational↕ | Known For↕ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) | CERN, Switzerland/France | Proton-proton collider | 13.6 TeV | 2008-present | Discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, world's largest and most powerful accelerator |
Tevatron | Fermilab, Illinois, USA | Proton-antiproton collider | 1.96 TeV | 1983-2011 | Discovery of the top quark in 1995, held energy record before LHC |
SLAC Linear Accelerator | Stanford, California, USA | Linear electron accelerator | 50 GeV | 1966-present | Discovery of quarks, charm quark and tau lepton, longest linear accelerator |
HERA | DESY, Hamburg, Germany | Electron-proton collider | 318 GeV | 1992-2007 | Only electron-proton collider ever built, probed proton structure |
LEP (Large Electron-Positron) | CERN, Switzerland/France | Electron-positron collider | 209 GeV | 1989-2000 | Precision tests of the Standard Model, predecessor to the LHC in same tunnel |
RHIC | Brookhaven, New York, USA | Heavy ion collider | 200 GeV per nucleon | 2000-present | Created quark-gluon plasma, studies early universe conditions |
KEKB / SuperKEKB | Tsukuba, Japan | Electron-positron collider | 10.58 GeV | 1999-present | B-meson factory, CP violation studies, Nobel Prize 2008 confirmation |
J-PARC | Tokai, Japan | Proton synchrotron complex | 50 GeV | 2008-present | Neutrino beam for T2K experiment, neutrino oscillation measurements |
FAIR | Darmstadt, Germany | Heavy ion accelerator | 35 GeV per nucleon | Under construction | Antimatter research, rare isotope beams, successor to GSI |
SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) | CERN, Switzerland | Proton synchrotron | 450 GeV | 1976-present | Discovered W and Z bosons 1983, now injector for the LHC |
CEBAF | Jefferson Lab, Virginia, USA | Electron recirculating linac | 12 GeV | 1995-present | Nuclear physics, quark confinement studies, superconducting RF pioneer |
BEPC II | Beijing, China | Electron-positron collider | 4.6 GeV | 2008-present | Charm physics, tau lepton precision studies, discovered exotic Zc(3900) |
LCLS (Linac Coherent Light Source) | SLAC, California, USA | X-ray free electron laser | 14 GeV electron | 2009-present | First hard X-ray free electron laser, molecular movies at atomic scale |
European XFEL | Hamburg, Germany | X-ray free electron laser | 17.5 GeV electron | 2017-present | World's brightest X-ray source, 27,000 pulses per second |
Cosmotron | Brookhaven, New York, USA | Proton synchrotron | 3.3 GeV | 1953-1966 | First accelerator to reach GeV energies, produced V particles and strange particles |
Bevatron | Berkeley, California, USA | Proton synchrotron | 6.2 GeV | 1954-1993 | Discovery of the antiproton in 1955, Nobel Prize for Segre and Chamberlain |
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